Lighting Types

Lighting types

Key:

The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject. The key light is not a rigid requirement; omitting the key light can result in a silhouette effect. Many key lights may be placed in a scene to illuminate a moving subject at opportune moments.

Fill:
In television, film, stage, or photographic lighting, a fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene and provide some illumination for the areas of the image that are in shadow. A common lighting setup places the fill light on the lens axis, roughly perpendicular to the key light.
Back:
Backlighting refers to the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer are facing towards each other, with the subject in between. This causes the edges of the subject to glow, while the other areas remain darker. The backlight can be a natural or artificial source of light. When artificial, the back light is usually placed directly behind the subject in a 4-point lighting setup.

High Key:
High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and television did not deal well with high contrast ratios, but now is used to suggest an upbeat mood. It is often used in sitcoms and comedies. High-key lighting is usually quite homogeneous and free from dark shadows.
Rim:

The back light (a.k.a. the rim, hair, or shoulder      light) shines on the subject from behind, often (but not necessarily) to one side or the other. It gives the subject a rim of light, serving to separate the subject from the background and highlighting contours.

Chiaroscuro:

Chiaroscuro is also used in cinematography to indicate extreme low-key lighting to create distinct areas of light and darkness in films, especially in black and white films. Classic examples are The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939), The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941) and the black and white scenes in Andrei Tarkovsky's Stalker (1979).

Oustanding films 2011

	The King’s Speech	127 Hours	Another Year	4 Lions	Made in Dagenham
Story and plot	Tells the story of the man who became King George VI, the father of Queen Elizabeth II. After his brother abdicates, George ('Bertie') reluctantly assumes the throne. Plagued by a dreaded stammer and considered unfit to be king, Bertie engages the help of an unorthodox speech therapist named Lionel Logue. Through a set of unexpected techniques, and as a result of an unlikely friendship, Bertie is able to find his voice and boldly lead the country through war.	127 Hours is the true story of mountain climber Aron Ralston's remarkable adventure to save himself after a fallen boulder crashes on his arm and traps him in an isolated canyon in Utah. Over the next five days Ralston examines his life and survives the elements to finally discover he has the courage and the wherewithal to extricate himself by any means necessary, scale a 65 foot wall and hike over eight miles before he can be rescued. Throughout his journey, Ralston recalls friends, lovers, family, and the two hikers he met before his accident. Will they be the last two people he ever had the chance to meet?	A married couple who have managed to remain blissfully happy into their autumn years, are surrounded over the course of the four seasons of one average year by friends, colleagues, and family who all seem to suffer some degree of unhappiness.	Four Lions tells the story of a group of British jihadists who push their abstract dreams of glory to the breaking point. As the wheels fly off, and their competing ideologies clash, what emerges is an emotionally engaging (and entirely plausible) farce. In a storm of razor-sharp verbal jousting and large-scale set pieces, Four Lions is a comic tour de force; it shows that-while terrorism is about ideology-it can also be about idiots.	In 1968, the Ford auto factory in Dagenham was one of the largest single private employers in the United Kingdom. In addition to the thousands of male employees, there are also 187 underpaid women machinists who primarily assemble the car seat upholstery in poor working conditions. Dissatisfied, the women, represented by the shop steward and Rita O'Grady, work with union rep Albert Passingham for a better deal. However, Rita learns that there is a larger issue in this dispute considering that women are paid an appalling fraction of the men's wages for the same work across the board on the sole basis of their sex. Refusing to tolerate this inequality any longer, O'Grady leads a strike by her fellow machinists for equal pay for equal work. What follows would test the patience of all involved in a grinding labour and political struggle that ultimately would advance the cause of women's rights around the world.
Actors	Colin Firth, Geoffrey Rush, Helen Bonham Carter, Guy Pearce, Jennifer Ehle, Michael Gambon. (Mostly English), A few stars.	James Franco, Amber Tamblyn and Kate Mara	Jim Broadbent, Ruth Sheen and Lesley Manville (English)	Will Adamsdale, Riz Ahmed and Adeel Akhtar (English)	Sally Hawkins, Bob Hoskins and Andrea Riseborough
Director	Hooper (English), also did ‘The damned united’.	Danny Boyle (English) also did Slumdog Millionare and 28 Days Later	Mike Leigh (English)	Christoper Morris (English)	Nigel Cole (English)
Style	Moving sort of film	Same as the kings speech really	Quirky film of family life with humour	Terrorism comedy	Discrimination
Genre	Biography/ Drama	Adventure/ Biography/ Drama	Comedy/ Drama	Comedy/ Drama	Comedy/ Drama/ History
Production company	See- saw films and Bedlam productions	Pathe, everest entertainment	Film4, thin man films and FFI	Film4, Wild Bunch	BBC films, audley films
Distribution	Promoted on Tv regularly, on the radio, posters.	Tv regularly, radio, posters, website etc	Occasional promotions, not too much.	Tv, posters, fair bit	TV quite a lot, posters, internet
Exhibition	7th January 2011	7th January 2011	5th November 2010	7th May 2010	1st October 2010